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石膏粉在食用菌生產中的應用！

來源：http://m.wavc.cn 日期：2020-09-27 發布人：

在食用菌培育基中主要運用二水硫酸鈣（生石膏），分子式分別為：CaSO4·2H2O和。石膏含鈣量為20-28%，含硫量為16-22%，既可提供鈣，又是硫的良好來源，生物應用率高，是一種經濟型的食用菌添加劑，由于其在食用菌生長過程中起到的關鍵作用，較少被其它輔料替代，在食用菌培育基中發揮宏大的作用。

　　Calcium sulfate dihydrate (raw gypsum) was mainly used in edible fungi culture medium, and the molecular formulas were CaSO4 2H_2O and CaSO4 2H_2O, respectively. Gypsum contains 20-28% calcium and 16-22% sulphur. It can not only provide calcium, but also is a good source of sulphur. It has high biological application rate. It is an economic edible fungus additive. Because it plays a key role in the growth of edible fungi, it is less replaced by other supplements and plays a great role in edible fungus cultivation.

　　生石膏在食用菌培育基中的應用屬于輔助原料，輔助原料是用于增加營養，改善化學、物理狀態的一類物質，用量較小。生石膏在食用菌培育基中的添加量在1-3%之間。

　　The application of raw gypsum in edible fungi culture medium belongs to auxiliary material, which is a kind of substance used to increase nutrition and improve chemical and physical state with small dosage. The addition of gypsum in edible fungi culture medium ranged from 1% to 3%.

　　食用菌培育基中添加生石膏在增加營養方面的作用：

　　Adding raw gypsum to edible fungi culture medium can increase nutrition.

　　（1）直接補充培育基中硫、鈣的缺乏；

　　(1) Direct supplementation of sulphur and calcium deficiency in culture medium;

　　（2）使氣態氮固定成化合態氮，利于游離在堆料中氨氣的穩定，減少培育基中氮素損失；

　　(2) Fixing gaseous nitrogen into combined nitrogen is beneficial to the stabilization of free ammonia in the stockpile and reducing the loss of nitrogen in the culture medium.

　　（3）能加速培育基中機質的合成，促進料中可溶性磷、鉀的釋放，供應菌絲吸收應用；

　　(3) It can accelerate the synthesis of organic matter in the culture medium, promote the release of soluble phosphorus and potassium in the feed, and supply the mycelium for absorption and application.

　　（4）鈣離子能使堆肥中的膠體膜消逝，有利于蘑菇菌絲吸收營養；

　　(4) Calcium ion can make the colloidal membrane disappear in compost, which is beneficial for mushroom mycelium to absorb nutrients.

　　（5）生石膏能中和蘑菇菌絲在生長過程中產生的草酸，并在蘑菇菌絲外表構成有草酸鈣的細胞膜，有防御外敵、維護菌絲的作用；

　　(5) Gypsum can neutralize the oxalic acid produced by mushroom hyphae in the growth process, and form a cell membrane with calcium oxalate on the surface of mushroom hyphae, which has the function of defending foreign enemies and maintaining mycelia.

　　（6）使基料在發酵后纖維素降解率進步，可溶性糖增加。

　　(6) The degradation rate of cellulose and soluble sugar increased after fermentation.

　　食用菌培育基中添加生石膏在改善化學和物理狀態中的主要作用：

　　Adding raw gypsum to edible fungi culture medium plays an important role in improving the chemical and physical state of edible fungi.

　　（1）進步培育基的緩沖才能，抑止由氨氣所惹起的，以至在播種后也會發作的PH值過高的反作用；

　　(1) The buffer ability of the progressive cultivation medium can restrain the reaction caused by ammonia, even if the PH value is too high after sowing.
濟南石膏粉

　　（2）避免培育基變酸和厭氧發酵，防止培育基酸堿度呈現大的變化；

　　(2) Avoiding basic acidification and anaerobic fermentation, and preventing great changes in basic acidity and alkalinity of cultivation;

　　（3加強培育基對某些細菌細胞間質的凝聚作用，這樣能夠減少在堆制過程中由于細菌的活動，而產生一些毀壞培育構造；

　　(3) Strengthen the coagulation effect of culture medium on the interstitium of some bacteria, which can reduce the damage of culture structure caused by bacterial activity in the composting process.

　　（4）有助于培育基降低在覆土時對添加的一些營養性補充物的敏理性而增加產量；

　　(4) It is helpful to reduce the sensitivity of the culture medium to some nutrient supplements and increase the yield.

　　（5）生石膏提供的鈣素與其他重金屬離子不同，它無毒性且能使秸稈外表的膠體粒子凝集成大的粒子而沉淀下來，產生凝析現象，構成通氣性好的物理構造，使培育基變得疏松，改善蓄水性和通氣性，促進了有益微生物的活動；

　　(5) Calcium provided by raw gypsum is different from other heavy metal ions. It is non-toxic and can make colloidal particles on the straw surface coagulate into large particles and precipitate, resulting in condensation, forming a physical structure with good ventilation, making the culture medium loose, improving water storage and ventilation, and promoting the activities of beneficial microorganisms.

　　（6）生石膏還有良好的吸水性，能進步堆肥的持水才能。

　　(6) The raw gypsum also has strong water absorption, which can improve the water holding capacity of compost.

　　應用范圍

　　Application scope

　　二水硫酸鈣（生石膏）是培育基的成分，普遍應用于平菇、香菇、黑木耳、銀耳、金針菇、猴頭菇、靈芝、雙孢菇、雞腿菇、白靈菇、杏鮑菇等的栽培料中。

　　Calcium sulfate dihydrate (raw gypsum) is a component of culture medium. It is widely used in the cultivation materials of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Agaricus bisporus, Coprinus comatus, Lentinus alba, Pleurotus eryngii and so on.

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